GCP Shared VPC Transit Design and Deploy For Enterprises

on September 30, 2020

Introduction

GCP shared VPC allows an organization to share or extend its vpc-network (you can also call it subnet) from one project (called host) to another project (called service/tenant).

When you use Shared VPC in a project call “X”, you are automatically designating this project “X” as a host project. Now you can attach one or more service projects to host project “X”. The VPC networks in the host project are called Shared VPC networks. Eligible resources from service projects can use subnets you create in the Shared VPC network.

Is Shared VPC a replacement of Transit (Hub-Spoke) Network?

Shared VPC is not a replacement for transit network. Shared VPC is a management and subnet allocation concept. It does not provide enterprise grade routing or traffic engineering capabilities. Shared VPC lets organization administrators delegate administrative responsibilities, such as creating and managing instances, to Service Project Admins while maintaining centralized control over network resources like subnets, routes, and firewalls.

Aviatrix Transit Network Design Patterns with GCP Shared VPC

Aviatrix supports the GCP Shared VPC model and builds the single-cloud and multi-cloud transit networking architecture to provide enterprise grade routing, service insertion, hybrid connectivity and traffic engineering for the workload VMs. There are number of different deployment model possible but we will focus on one design with GCP Shared VPC network that is very popular among enterprises. Here Aviatrix Spoke GW is deployed in non-shared vpc subnet while the workload VMs are deployed in a shared vpc subnet.

For the other design options please check my previous blog.

Design Highlights

Selected subnets (Prod and Dev) are shared with the service project
Local vpcnet-transit is the VPC with only one subnet called transit-gw-subnet (10.21.4.0).
- This is the subnet we will use to deploy Aviatrix tranist GW
- As a best practice, there should not be any workload deployed inside this VPC beside Aviatrix Transit GW
Shared VPC Prod contains two subnets in our example
- 10.21.5.0/24 is for the Aviatrix Spoke GW. This subnet is not shared
- 10.21.51.0/24 is the subnet shared with the “Prod Service Project”. This is where the workload/app VMs are deployed
Similarly a Shared VPC Dev is created with two subnets
- 10.21.6.0/24 is for Aviatrix Spoke GW. This subnet is not shared
- 10.21.61.0/24 is the subnet shared with the “Dev Service Project”. This is where the workload/app VMs are deployed

Following diagram shows what we described above

Now let us take a look at the deployment aspects

GCP Shared VPC Subnet Settings

In GCP we are only sharing two subnets from the Shared VPC to the service project. This is the best practice as it gives centralized IT more control over what is shared and what is not. Another option is to share the entire VPC and all its subnets to the service project. These shared subnets are the ones where workload VMs will be deployed.

Transit Gateway

Transit GW is deployed on the 10.21.4.0/24 subnet in the host-project VPC. This subnet is not shared and stays local to the host-project.

Following diagram shows the GCP VPC route table where this Transit GW is being deployed

Deploy Production Spoke Gateway

Use the Multi-Cloud Transit workflow to deploy spoke gateway in production VPC. This subnet is not shared with the service project.

Deploy Development Spoke Gateway

Use the same workflow as before to deploy the spoke GW in development VPC. This subnet is not shared with the service project.

Attach Spoke GWs to Transit GW

Now attach Prod and Dev spoke GWs to Transit GW

Now the spokes are attached to the transit gw and can be seen in the following diagram

Production VPC Routing Table

Name: Global
Route Table ID: Global

Name	Route	Target	Gateway	Priority	Tags	Status
avx-12a554b6a0fc446e9562c03aff9f2ff2	0.0.0.0/0	default-internet-gateway		1000	avx-host-project-shared-vpcnet-prod-gbl	active
avx-3e231ce7099947bca4f6f68a645731d0	10.0.0.0/8	Instance gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet (zone us-east4-c)	gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet	1000		active
avx-95ef9a0df3f24863a6cec71e51f2732b	172.16.0.0/12	Instance gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet (zone us-east4-c)	gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet	1000		active
avx-cf9d16a2e4ec4c98908aaabd92ff7208	192.168.0.0/16	Instance gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet (zone us-east4-c)	gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet	1000		active
default-route-29758d3f2ac8689f	10.21.51.0/24	Virtual network host-project-shared-vpcnet-prod		0		active
default-route-3bfe90157ff7a563	0.0.0.0/0	default-internet-gateway		1000		active
default-route-fc0595ff4c43a6dc	10.21.5.0/24	Virtual network host-project-shared-vpcnet-prod		0		active

Production Spoke GW Routing Table

Name: gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet

Destination	Via	Dev	Nexthop IP	Nexthop Gateway	Status	Metric
default	10.21.5.1	eth0			up	0
10.21.4.0/24		tun-23F57229-0	35.245.114.41	gcp-transit-gw-host-project-local-vpcnet	up	100
10.21.4.3		tun-23F57229-0	35.245.114.41	gcp-transit-gw-host-project-local-vpcnet	up	100
10.21.5.0/24	10.21.5.1	eth0			up	0
10.21.5.1		eth0			up	0
10.21.6.0/24		tun-23F57229-0	35.245.114.41	gcp-transit-gw-host-project-local-vpcnet	up	100
10.21.51.0/24	10.21.5.1	eth0			up	0
10.21.61.0/24		tun-23F57229-0	35.245.114.41	gcp-transit-gw-host-project-local-vpcnet	up	100
169.254.0.0/16		eth0			up	0

Transit Gateway Routing Table

Name: gcp-transit-gw-host-project-local-vpcnet

Destination	Via	Dev	Nexthop IP	Nexthop Gateway	Status	Metric
default	10.21.4.1	eth0			up	0
10.21.4.0/24	10.21.4.1	eth0			up	0
10.21.4.1		eth0			up	0
10.21.5.0/24		tun-23ECF407-0	35.236.244.7	gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet	up	100
10.21.5.2		tun-23ECF407-0	35.236.244.7	gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet	up	100
10.21.6.0/24		tun-2256383A-0	34.86.56.58	gcp-spk-gw-host-project-dev-spk-subnet	up	100
10.21.6.2		tun-2256383A-0	34.86.56.58	gcp-spk-gw-host-project-dev-spk-subnet	up	100
10.21.51.0/24		tun-23ECF407-0	35.236.244.7	gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet	up	100
10.21.61.0/24		tun-2256383A-0	34.86.56.58	gcp-spk-gw-host-project-dev-spk-subnet	up	100
169.254.0.0/16		eth0			up	0

Transit GW Route Info DB Details

{
  "gateway name": "gcp-transit-gw-host-project-local-vpcnet",
  "segmentation": "disabled",
  "main": {
    "Duplicated CIDRs": [],
    "Best Route DB": {
      "10.21.6.0/24": "{'type': 'vpc', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '50', 'nexthop': '34.86.56.58', 'name': 'gcp-spk-gw-host-project-dev-spk-subnet', 'cidr': '10.21.6.0/24', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}",
      "10.21.61.0/24": "{'type': 'vpc', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '50', 'nexthop': '34.86.56.58', 'name': 'gcp-spk-gw-host-project-dev-spk-subnet', 'cidr': '10.21.61.0/24', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}",
      "10.21.5.0/24": "{'type': 'vpc', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '50', 'nexthop': '35.236.244.7', 'name': 'gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet', 'cidr': '10.21.5.0/24', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}",
      "10.21.51.0/24": "{'type': 'vpc', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '50', 'nexthop': '35.236.244.7', 'name': 'gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet', 'cidr': '10.21.51.0/24', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}"
    },
    "Route Info DB": {
      "10.21.6.0/24": [
        "{'type': 'vpc', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '50', 'nexthop': '34.86.56.58', 'name': 'gcp-spk-gw-host-project-dev-spk-subnet', 'cidr': '10.21.6.0/24', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}"
      ],
      "10.21.61.0/24": [
        "{'type': 'vpc', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '50', 'nexthop': '34.86.56.58', 'name': 'gcp-spk-gw-host-project-dev-spk-subnet', 'cidr': '10.21.61.0/24', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}"
      ],
      "10.21.5.0/24": [
        "{'type': 'vpc', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '50', 'nexthop': '35.236.244.7', 'name': 'gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet', 'cidr': '10.21.5.0/24', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}"
      ],
      "10.21.51.0/24": [
        "{'type': 'vpc', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '50', 'nexthop': '35.236.244.7', 'name': 'gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet', 'cidr': '10.21.51.0/24', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}"
      ]
    },
    "Best Route DB (linklocal)": {
      "10.21.4.0/24": "{'type': 'linklocal', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '0', 'nexthop': '', 'name': 'gcp-transit-gw-host-project-local-vpcnet', 'cidr': '10.21.4.0/24', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}",
      "10.21.4.3/32": "{'type': 'linklocal', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '0', 'nexthop': '', 'name': 'gcp-transit-gw-host-project-local-vpcnet', 'cidr': '10.21.4.3/32', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}",
      "10.21.6.2/32": "{'type': 'linklocal', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '0', 'nexthop': '', 'name': 'gcp-spk-gw-host-project-dev-spk-subnet', 'cidr': '10.21.6.2/32', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}",
      "10.21.5.2/32": "{'type': 'linklocal', 'table_id': 'main', 'as_path': '', 'as_path_len': '0', 'metric': '0', 'nexthop': '', 'name': 'gcp-spk-gw-host-project-prod-spk-subnet', 'cidr': '10.21.5.2/32', 'locprf': '0', 'community': ''}"
    }

Note: Aviatrix UserConnect-6.2.1528 was used to validate this design.